The MS plays the role of "leading the ministry" by determining the way the ministry should be headed during the planning process, making the policies of the MIC and during the process of drafting bills.
The MS also oversees the entire MIC and coordinates paperwork within the ministry to ensure it is smoothly conducted,thereby making the ministry livelier.

To promote the personnel administration of government officials from a government-wide viewpoint, the PPB sets the basic policies for personnel management within the government and coordinates personnel management comprehensively, while promoting personnel administration as times change.
The PPB also enhances and otherwise administers the treatment of people under pension to public servants, which is Japan's oldest pension program and still supports about 770,000 pensioners.

The Administrative Management Bureau (AMB) works to make administrative organizations and administrative service more efficient and reliable for citizens. To that end, the AMB works to streamline administration, make it more efficient, and employ ICT to promote electronic government.
The AMB also makes appropriate use of laws to ensure fairness and clarity in administrative service, by such means as protecting personal information, disclosing information as required, and taking other means in administrative organizations.

The Administrative Evaluation Bureau (AEB) employs a nationwide investigation network consisting of regional administrative evaluation bureaus and administrative evaluation offices to conduct tasks regarding (1) policy evaluation, (2) evaluation of incorporated administrative agencies, (3) AEB surveys, and (4) administrative counseling.
And as the demand is high for switching from its conventional administrative system, the AEB will work to step up its functions even further in order to restore public confidence in administration.

To help local public entities ensure smooth administration, the Local Administration Bureau (LAB) works to promote regional decentralization, plans and drafts regional autonomous programs, develops regional administrative systems, steps up the administrative and financial foundations of basic autonomous bodies, builds a network system for Basic Resident Registers, creates energetic communities, promotes electronic autonomous bodies, internationalizes the regional level, develops and enhances regional local governmental employee programs, and works on other wide-ranging measures.
Regarding the election system, which is the most important system for the citizens to participate in politics, the LAB plans and drafts its measures in an attempt to establish a fair and appropriate election system.

Local Public Finance Bureau (LPFB)
The LPFB drafts plans for regional finance, thereby ensuring and coordinating funds for administrative services that meet various inhabitant needs, such as arranging welfare, school education, fire defense, roads, rivers, and other forms of social infrastructure.
The LPFB also works to reform the regional financial system to promote regional sovereignty reforms.

Local taxes are an important element of financing for prefectures and municipalities to provide education, welfare, fire defense, rescue, garbage management, and various other inhabitant services. Local taxes are therefore a membership fee for the community. By enhancing and reinforcing these local taxes, we proceed with regional decentralization and plan and draft taxation revisions corresponding to changes in the Japanese socioeconomic community.

Statistics are basic materials indispensable to socioeconomic affairs and civic life, which serve as a "compass", helping the administration to plan and draft administrative measures and citizens to make appropriate decisions. As socioeconomic conditions change and statistics becomes increasingly important, the Statistics Bureau and the Director- General for Policy Planning (Statistical Standards) arrange and provide statistics to meet needs.